4. Effluent and wastewater treatment

Membrane separation operations are now widely used in the field of "wastewater", whether of industrial or domestic origin. Their modularity and reliability make them the unit operation of choice for controlling effluent pollution, whether conventional pollution characterized by global parameters (TSS, COD, etc.) or emerging pollution (organic micropollutants, persistent pollutants, etc.). In all cases, membrane implementation follows the same rules and constraints as those described above for drinking water production (§ 3