3. Possible reuse options: the recovery of STEU sludge

The recovery of sludge from wastewater treatment plants, also known as “sewage sludge,” is a critical issue for sustainable waste and resource management. This sludge is produced during wastewater treatment and may contain organic matter, heavy metals, chemicals, and other contaminants. To regulate and ensure the safety of sludge management and recovery practices, the AFNOR standard NF ISO 19698 defines the criteria for classifying sludge based on its origin and the treatments it has undergone, distinguishing between non-hazardous sludge and sludge that poses risks to the environment or human health. It proposes various methods of recovery, such as using it in agriculture to improve soil quality, incinerating it to generate energy, or reusing it in industry. This standard also emphasizes the need to ensure health and...