3. Renaturation as part of the "Zero Net Artificialization" (ZAN) program

3.1 Emergence of the concept

The "zero net artificialisation" objective has been supported since 2011 by the European Commission to put an end to the impact of urban sprawl and soil artificialisation on biodiversity and climate change. It first appeared in France in the government's biodiversity plan of July 4, 2018. Today, this objective is enshrined in Law no. 2021-1104 of August 22, 2021 on combating climate disruption and strengthening resilience to its effects, otherwise known as the "climate and resilience" law. It sets two deadlines: the first for 2030, to define a target for reducing space consumption, and the second for 2050, when ZAN must be achieved. Implementing the ZAN requires a complex strategy that aims, on the one hand, to reduce urban sprawl by encouraging renewal...