4. Conclusions

Second-generation biofuels complement the current supply of first-generation biofuels. Indeed, first-generation biofuels alone cannot meet all needs. Moreover, the use of lignocellulosic biomass is not in direct competition with food uses. The indirect thermochemical route enables the production of very high quality synthetic kerosene and diesel fuel. In particular, they are free of sulfur and aromatic compounds, precursors of the particles emitted into the atmosphere during combustion, and can be incorporated into the conventional fuel pool.

The development of this process is at the demonstration stage. Industrial-scale implementation requires a chain of processes with very different degrees of complexity and maturity.

For reasons of profitability, the production of second-generation biofuels requires large-scale industrial units that can...