Overview
ABSTRACT
The principal types of evaporators used in the treatment of liquid effluents are described, along with their advantages a and drawbacks as well as the different ways they can be used whilst saving energy. Various typical applications concerning the main industrial sectors are then presented, as well as their current links with technologies other than evaporation in order to complete the treatment. Information on the stages of a project is then provided, including the information required in order to obtain a quote, and on the various operational issues users may encounter.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Bernard GALLICHER : ESCOM engineer - Former Process and Projects Manager, GEA Process Engineering France, KESTNER division
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Olivier SAVEL : ENSIGC engineer - Process/project manager, GEA Process Engineering France, KESTNER division
INTRODUCTION
Evaporation plays an important role in the treatment of liquid effluents. It is mainly used for the concentration of industrial effluents, because although it is technically possible to produce condensate by evaporation from domestic wastewater that can be used as drinking water, this option is not economically viable. In the vast majority of installations, evaporation is combined with other techniques such as decantation, filtration, dewatering, drying and cementing, among others. The use of membranes is now a common choice for the volume reduction of many effluents with low initial concentrations. This reduces evaporator load and, consequently, investment and operating costs. But evaporation is still essential to obtain highly concentrated solutions and, in some cases, to recover marketable products and/or achieve zero liquid discharge.
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KEYWORDS
| | | environment | | |
Evaporation in the treatment of liquid effluents
Industrial evaporators
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