Conclusions and Outlook
ALD for the electrochemical stockage of energy

Demand for batteries and other energy sources is continually increasing, and their use is becoming more widespread. The problems with current batteries generally stem from the interfaces between their various materials. This article demonstrates how ALD and MLD can help improve battery performance, lifespan, and safety by targeting these interfaces. Very thin, conformal, and stable layers deposited by ALD on electrode materials help prevent lithium-related side reactions, thereby improving battery properties. The versatility of ALD deposition allows for the processing of all kinds of materials (powders, pressed powders, flat or textured substrates). This makes it possible to use ALD in manufacturing processes:

• mass-produced batteries based on powder chemistry techniques;

• micro power sources based on micro- and nanofabrication processes.