Materials for cutting tools. Numerical data in milling

Overview

ABSTRACT

It is very difficult to give numerical values for the use of a tool in a material. These can be strongly influenced by the ma-chining environment, e.g. the surface finish to be maintained, entry into a corner, a long tool holder, etc. Therefore, the numerical values collected in this article are basic milling data when the tool operation is not disturbed by the environment. Wherever possible, a range of data is given. The proposed minimum value must be respected absolutely (do not go below it); the maximum value can be reduced, for example to increase the tool life.

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AUTHOR

François BAGUR : Self-employed – Consultant and trainer in machining engineering since 1987, - Aulnay (17), France

INTRODUCTION

The first step to be taken by the machinist is to check the tool's qualification with regard to the material and the machining case. All the following numerical data apply to qualified tools.

These data are available for the main materials used by machinists. There are many other materials for which cutting parameters are available.

Materials on offer include non-alloyed multi-R _m steels, low-alloyed multi-R _m steels, stainless, ferritic, martensitic and austenitic steels, GG and GGG cast irons, 2000, 6000 and 7000 series aluminum alloys, Inconel 718 nickel-based refractory alloys, grade 5 titanium alloys (TiAl6V).

When it comes to milling technology, it makes much more sense to give chip thickness values rather than tooth feed values. Chip thickness is what the cutter tooth actually sees during machining, and the tooth feed rate is merely a consequence of this chip thickness. To determine the tooth feed to be programmed, the reader is invited to refer to the basic formulas for these calculations. A curve derived from these formulas is provided, enabling the tooth feed rate (fz) to be determined quickly and easily as a function of the proposed chip thickness (h), the cutting width of the operation (ae) and the tool diameter (D).

Note: for some tool technologies, it is impossible to give default values for tool use. Each tool is a special case that needs to be studied individually. Only those technologies for which it is possible to specify values are covered.

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