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The widespread adoption of digital technologies is profoundly transforming urban governance. Long structured around the concept of the ‘smart city’, this transformation is now undergoing a significant shift towards the ‘wise city’ (or sober city), which places resilience, frugality, and collective intelligence at the heart of urban policies. This article offers a conceptual and operational analysis of this transition. It first examines the evolution of the smart city concept and its convergence with the notion of urban resilience. It then discusses the structuring role of digital twins and artificial intelligence (AI) as cognitive infrastructures of the contemporary city, and illustrates these dynamics with international applications.
Nowadays, in the research of long-term solutions to limit the earth global warming due to green-house gas (GHG), the construction and building sector can play an important role. The setting of bio-based materials in new buildings or for renovation seems a reliable way of sustainability and tempo-rary carbon storage.This paper aims at analyzing the physical phenomena and issues, by taking into account the moment and duration of the GHG storage and emissions: which type of bio-based material: agro-ressource or wood ; which lifespan for the buildings and the materials ; amount of carbon uptake in each plant, dissolution kinetics of GHG; which end of life scenario.
Microalgae-based biofacades are an original example of urban integration of an interesting plant biomass bioproduction. This article details the challenges of this integration, both for the host-building and for the microalgae culture. General design principles are presented, along with various implementation examples. The main performance and social acceptability criteria are then summarized. The article concludes with perspectives for innovation, demonstrating the value of creating thermal and chemical symbioses to reduce the energy consumption and environmental impact of buildings and microalgae production.
In the field of mobility, the leading sector for greenhouse gas emissions in Europe, a world that is a prisoner of travel, transport and the automobile will be neither sustainable nor inclusive. The constant drive to go faster, further and more often is leading us into a dead end. In this article, the authors address these issues by redefining the notion of mobility, and demonstrate that education is essential to make travel more sustainable and inclusive for individuals and communities. They then draw up a precise framework for a commitment of companies to ensure that mobility, based on education, can generate the metamorphoses that give meaning to the life of each individual without exhausting the planet's resources.
This article discusses the quantitative leap forward in accessing large amount of data in the specific context of biomedical practices,”. The specificities of biomedical data in are questioned using a 5-letter mnemonic: V, N, C, P, T. "V" for Variability, "N" for large and small Numbers, "C" for ever-changing diagnostic Categories, "P" for the profoundly Probabilistic nature health outcomes, and "T" for their lasting nature of risk exposure and treatments over time. These characteristics of health data are as many challenges for the future of a medicine that becomes more "4P": a medicine that is more predictive, more personalized, more preventive and more participatory.
The multiplicity of (peri)urban agriculture (UA) projects at the global level illustrates its key role in social, environmental and economic dynamics. These projects respond to the challenges of sustainable cities and are part of the collective and inter/transdisciplinary dynamics of Territorial Food Plans, or the Zero Net Artificialization law. However, conflicts of use for spaces and pollution are frequently observed and force actors to negotiate around issues related to land. This article deals with the dynamics driven by UAs on a global scale and in France to promote sectoral and multi-actor ecological transitions on the themes of sustainable food, environmental health and inclusive education.
In France, more than 90% of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are connected to the medium and low voltage distribution network, and their growth requires increased voltage management. Thanks to innovating smart grids solutions, RES integration into networks has been improved. This article gives a state of the art of RES connected to the distribution networks, with its regulatory context. It then describes the following voltage management solutions developed by Enedis, at different stages of maturity: local voltage regulation through MV and LV producers’ reactive power, MV coordinated voltage regulation at the primary substation, the smart non-firm connection offers to MV producers, and the simulation tool under development to evaluate connection impacts for LV producers.
This article presents the urban heat island phenomenon. The context regarding evolution of cities and climate change is first introduced. Horizontal and vertical spatial scales are presented, as well as energy balances for rural and urban surfaces. Several types of urban heat islands are then defined. Major causes and control factors of urban heat island are analyzed at urban canopy layer scale. The daily cycle of this climatic phenomenon, its genesis and its temporal process are also identified.
This article is simultaneously interested in the growing vulnerability of France to climate disasters and its origins, both historical and political. To do this, it first establishes a state of risks in France based on the recording of damages and questions their evolution over recent decades. Far from being unpredictable, these extreme climatic events, qualified as disasters when they affect societies, in fact reflect a denial of memory on the part of decision-makers and planners, as evidenced by several dramatic events presented in this article. Taking note of these lessons learned that are too often neglected or despised, the article recommends a certain number of common sense measures based on experience, observation and anticipation.
Our society is increasingly concerned about the environmental impact of our activities. We now know that this impact is mainly due to energy overconsumption. Buildings, which are our primary concern, are responsible for 25% of greenhouse gas emissions and 40% of energy consumption in France. Consequently, tools have been created to design low-carbon and energy-efficient building projects. These thermal modeling tools are different from regulatory tools, and are named dynamic thermal simulation tools. These tools are also used to ensure energy results based on actual consumption.
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