Compare energy models and make an informed decision
Evaluating low-carbon fleets: electric, hydrogen, and biogas solutions

To make a rational decision, the fleet manager must move beyond the simple purchase price and instead consider the TCO calculated over the vehicle’s ownership period (typically 36 to 60 months). This TCO must be “extended” to incorporate the parameters of the energy transition:

Extended TCO ( ₎ = CAPEX + Infrastructure – (Subsidy + Residual Value)

where the components are broken down as follows:

• CAPEX: purchase price or financial lease payment (long-term lease/lease-to-own) for the vehicle;

• OPEX: fuel/energy cost per 100 km, maintenance (significantly lower for BEVs, as they have fewer moving parts), insurance, tires (potentially faster wear on BEVs due to torque and weight);

...