Dynamics required for back-up (EnRi/Load case = 100%)
Intermittent renewable energies and electricity supply system

Backup resources must adapt their power (positive or negative) to complement that of the renewable energies and match the remaining load. Balancing the grid requires power plants or back-up technologies to follow rapid, high-amplitude transients, which are characterized in the following. We examine evolutions over two months, one summer and one winter, then present quantitative results summarizing the characteristics of transients over the year.