8. Conclusion
For a long time, efforts were focused solely on reducing the volume and weight of packaging, but companies are now giving a global dimension to the eco-design of their products as part of their sustainable development policy (reusable or monomaterial packaging, for example).
At European level, the European Union has been implementing a circular economy and anti-plastic policy since 2015. New areas of R&D for engineers.
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Bibliography
- (1) - Mc DONOUGH (W.), BRAUNGART (M.) - Cradle to Cradle, Créer et recycler à l'infini, - Éditions Alternatives, Collection Manifestô (2011), 230 pages. Ouvrage un petit peu ancien mais ouvrage de référence qui préfère envisager la vie des emballages du « berceau au berceau » plutôt que du « berceau à la tombe ». Des solutions...
Standards and norms
Official European standards for the implementation of Directive 94/62 of 1er December 1994 on packaging and packaging waste:
- Packaging – Requirements for the use of European standards in the field of packaging and packaging waste (AFNOR classification index: H60-005) - NF EN 13427 - (octobre 2004)
- Packaging – Specific manufacturing and composition requirements – Prevention through source reduction (AFNOR...
Regulations
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The hierarchy of eco-design texts
Directory
Organizations – Federations – Associations (non-exhaustive list)
Institutional organizations
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European Union website
all European laws (directives and regulations) in the "Consolidated texts" section > Search in consolidated texts "...
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