1. Gel characteristics
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Although the term "gel" has been given numerous definitions in the literature, it is generally accepted, particularly in the "sol-gel community", that:
the gel is made up of an oxide network swollen by the solvent, with chemical bonds ensuring the mechanical cohesion of the material by giving it a rigid, non-deformable character (a gel may have an elastic character, but no macroscopic viscosity).
In the following, we will adhere to this definition. In most cases, covalent chemical bonds form the basis of the gel's network (as in silica gels)
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Gel characteristics
Chemical aspects of sol-gel polymerization
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