2. Theoretical approach to smoke generation
2.1 Fume generation process
The smoke produced by the pyrolysis and combustion of materials depends on the nature of the material and the conditions of degradation and combustion. This smoke is made up of suspended solid aerosols, known as soot, with high opacifying power, as well as liquid droplets (water and possibly suspended fuel) and gases. Gases generally have little impact on total smoke opacity. The soot formation process is the most complex and is described in detail below.
The soot contained in smoke is mainly formed during the coking of fuels, as the temperature in the gas phase is insufficient to oxidize all the carbon. Aromatic nuclei join together to form compounds ranging from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to macromolecular networks...
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Theoretical approach to smoke generation
Assessment of smoke quantity
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Combustion chemistry – Aerosol production and measurement http://www.iso.org - ISO 29904 - 2013
- Reaction to fire tests – Heat output, smoke development rate and mass loss rate – Part 1: Heat flow (conical calorimeter method) http://www.iso.org - ISO 5660-1 - 2002
- Reaction to fire tests – Heat output, smoke development rate and mass loss rate – Part 2: Smoke development rate (dynamic measurement) http://www.iso.org...
Regulations
Arrêté du 21 novembre 2002 relatif à la réaction au feu des produits de construction et d'aménagement, JO du 31 décembre 2002 – p. 22126-22133.
Arrêté du 25 juin 1980 modifié portant approbation des dispositions générales du règlement de sécurité contre les risques d'incendie et de panique dans les établissements recevant du public.
Arrêté du 22 mars 2004 relatif à la révision...
Directory
Organizations – Federations – Associations (non-exhaustive list)
The International Association for Fire Safety Science (IAFSS) http://www.iafss.org
Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE) http://www.sfpe.org
Groupe de Recherche GDR CNRS...
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