3. Biochemical composition of halophytes

The primary metabolites of halophytes include carbohydrates, proteins and essential amino acids:

• carbohydrates are essential for the plant's energy production. They are stored in the form of starch, which helps halophytes cope with salt stress conditions;

• proteins are key components of cell structure and biochemical reactions (enzymes). Enzymatic proteins act both to transport nutrients and to defend against oxidative stress (antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidases, catalases and superoxide dismutases);

• essential amino acids are necessary for halophyte growth and development. Some, known as "compatible solutes", participate in the osmotic regulation of cells and are therefore essential for salinity tolerance;

• Lipids are essential components...