3. Thermocatalytic conversion of biomass and waste into chemical carriers
3.1 Biomass and waste liquefaction processes
The term biomass refers to all living matter or matter derived from living organisms, whether plant or animal. Lignocellulosic and algal biomasses (microalgae, see Box 3) are ideal resources for sustainably replacing the fossil fuels and chemicals we use today, via petrochemicals and refining. Oleaginous biomasses containing lipids and carbohydrates are given less consideration in this respect, since their use as food, if possible, is preferred. However, after use, these oils can be recycled and are also a potential resource. Waste from all lignocellulosic and algal biomasses, sewage sludge, food waste, textiles and plastics also constitute a significant reserve with low environmental impact, but with the disadvantage of variability....
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Thermocatalytic conversion of biomass and waste into chemical carriers
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Standard Practice for Evaluation of New Aviation Turbine Fuels and Fuel Additives. - ASTM D4054 -
- Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels. - ASTM D1655 -
- Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons. - ASTM D7566-24D - 2024
Regulations
Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 11, 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (OJ L 328 of 21/12/2018), consolidated version as of July 16, 2024. Directive known as "RED II".
Directive (EU) 2023/2413 of the European Parliament and of the Council of October 18, 2023 amending Directive (EU) 2018/2001, Regulation (EU) 2018/1999...
Directory
Organizations – Federations – Associations (non-exhaustive list)
Hydrogen Federation :
Laboratories and research centers
CEA-Irig – Grenoble Institute for Interdisciplinary Research:
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