1. Dynamic behavior

1.1 Experimental observations of the dynamic behavior of seals

Experimental study of the dynamic behavior of seals is difficult, since this component is generally confined and inaccessible, the distance between the faces and the amplitude of their movements are of the order of micrometers, so it's not easy to isolate the friction torque, and leakage rates are very low.

The experimental studies published are relatively old and used devices which, for the most part, did not exactly reproduce the operation of the fittings.

Nevertheless, they showed that in some cases, the faces were separated by a complete film without any contact between them.

In the case of fittings with one floating element, three dynamic modes...