3. Start and Stop Modes (Concepts)

3.1 Objectives and Definitions

The normal operation of an automated system is the one for which it was designed. However, it is also necessary to examine the procedures for:

• getting started;

• clarification;

• failures.

These procedures are defined by the start-up and shutdown modes (MMA). Defining these modes involves defining:

• a system's operating modes: continuous automatic operation, cycle-by-cycle operation, preparatory and shutdown procedures, semi-automatic operation, etc.;

• shutdown and safety procedures; normal shutdown, shutdown to a specific state;...