8. Torsion springs

Torsion springs are derived from leaf springs of uniform cross-section subjected to a constant moment 4.1 , but they are wound in a spiral or helix and use the elastic rotation θ of one of their ends under the action of a moment M.

When manufactured cold, springs have, in fact, undergone preconformation through cold coiling. The spring must be used in the same direction of rotation. Otherwise, performance will be considerably reduced due to the Bauschinger...