4. Turning / milling

Figure 1 - Variation of the angle of attack  of a round insert cutter as a function of the depth of cut a p

Figure 2 - Variation curve of  as a function of a p

Figure 3 - Variation as a function of feed rate per tooth fz of chip thickness hm for milling cutters with round inserts

Figure 4 - Different types of round cutting edges (according to Sandvik-Coromant nomenclature)

Figure 5 - Example of different types of face milling cutters

Figure 6 - Steps to be selected according to the operation concerned

Figure 7 - Typical designs of positive insert geometries for milling

Figure 8 - Positive milling inserts for various applications

Figure 9 - Use of different types of milling inserts depending on the desired application

Figure 10 - Detergent milling cutters for aluminum

Figure 11 - Geometry of carbide slot milling cutters and application conditions in aluminum routing

Figure 12 - Pocket machining in aluminium with a milling cutter

Figure 13 - Milling of aluminum with a routing cutter and 0.5 mm clearance on each radial pass

Figure 14 - Wet milling

Figure 15 - Machining metals with a tendency to stick

Figure 16 - Variable cutting tool life with or without coolant

Figure 17 - Different types of cermet wafers

Figure 18 - Examples of cermet wafer applications

Figure 19 - Slot milling cutters on CNC machines

Figure 20 - Volume of material removed per unit time depending on overhang and cutter pitch

Figure 21 - A wide range of inserts for double and cylindrical groove cutters

Figure 22 - Example of a large part produced on a CNC milling machine

Figure 23 - Lathe milling principle

Figure 24 - Bore enlargement

Figure 25 - Face milling and circular milling

Figure 26 - Creating an elliptical section

Figure 27 - Production of a complex-shaped part

Figure 28 - P insert-holding segment and crankshaft as well as P milling-turning part