5. Nanotoxicity

Gold, renowned for its chemical stability as a noble metal, is often associated with nanoparticles that are perceived as biocompatible and safe. However, at the nanoscale, its properties change, potentially introducing unexpected toxicity risks compared to its bulk state. Before any large-scale biomedical application of gold nanoparticles, it is therefore imperative to demonstrate their safety for human health and the environment.

Studies conducted to date have produced mixed results, prompting researchers to take a closer look at the impact of critical factors such as the synthesis method, the size and shape of nanoparticles, their surface chemistry, and the methods used to assess their toxicity. These factors influence the interactions of gold nanoparticles with biological systems and their cellular absorption, both in vitro and in vivo. The goal is to build a...