Conclusion

3D printing has made rapid progress towards the submicron (sub-micrometer) and nanometric (10 ^-3 µm) scales, enabling the manufacture of ever-smaller functional devices. Specific challenges are associated with the quality of printing at these scales, and with the combination of materials with different properties, which can make it more difficult for researchers to achieve their goals. To date, conductive, dielectric and magnetic bonds have been formulated and successfully implemented at laboratory stages in the 3D printing of sensors, actuators and other functional devices. These successes demonstrate the potential capabilities of 3D printing functional materials at the nanoscale, and their ultimate implementation in innovative multifunctional devices and applications. However, irrespective of the difficulties associated with the size of 3D...