11. Steam generators and secondary water-steam circuits

11.1 Steam generators

Nuclear propulsion steam generators are similar to those used in conventional thermal engineering:

• the inverted U-tube recirculating steam evaporator equips French nuclear propulsion PWRs and most American and British nuclear propulsion PWRs;

• the evaporator with horizontal U-tubes and a separator balloon is found on some American nuclear propulsion PWRs and probably on Russian ships;

• the single-pass superheated steam generator with straight or helical tubes was used on the Otto Hahn and Russian Arktika-class icebreakers.

All these devices have one thing in common:

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