1. The energy transition: what are we talking about?

The term "energy transition" refers to a combination of measures aimed at reducing and then eliminating carbon emissions into the atmosphere: phasing out the use of fossil fuels, and developing renewable energies, accompanied in particular by energy efficiency measures in buildings, industry, transport and agriculture...

Born in Germany in the 1980s, the notion of energy transition is part of a context of greater awareness of environmental and climate issues.

In addition to this environmental aspect, the energy transition must integrate an economic and social dimension to enable a more "sustainable" energy system, i.e. one that promotes "a mode of development that meets the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs".

The notion of energy transition...