2. Where do we stand in France?

Final energy consumption, adjusted for climatic variations, will amount to 1,562 TWh in 2020, down sharply on 2019 (– 5.6%) due to the coronavirus pandemic. As shown in the figure Breakdown of energy consumption by sector from 1990 to 2020 , after almost continuous growth between 1990 and 2001, this consumption then slowed down (-0.3% annual average between 2001 and 2019). The residential-tertiary sector is increasingly predominant: its share of energy consumption has risen from 43% in 1990 to 49% in 2020. Conversely, industry's share has fallen from 24% to 19%. Transport, which will be heavily affected by traffic restrictions in 2020, has fallen from 30% to 28%, while agriculture has remained stable at 3%.

Energy end-users spent €159 billion in 2019. This expenditure was highest in the residential-tertiary sector (45%), just ahead of transport (44%). Industry accounts...