6. Conclusion

Hydrogen is at the dawn of a new era. The significant increase in its use could see the emergence of a global hydrogen market, based on new relationships between governments and companies. However, as with LNG, this is likely to take decades. The specifics of this market, such as contractual relations, pricing, the importance of trade between countries, the technical mode and scale of trade, are still deeply uncertain.

The multiplicity of decarbonated hydrogen production methods offers new countries, such as Chile, Morocco and Namibia, the opportunity to become producers and even exporters of this new clean energy vector, while others like Saudi Arabia are struggling to maintain their place on the geopolitical energy chessboard. Numerous national strategies reflect these ambitions.

As with any strategy, it is important to place these in...