2. Setting up a global hydrogen market

2.1 National hydrogen strategies

Since 2017, more than 40 hydrogen strategies have been published by countries that want to decarbonize their energy mix, ramp up hydrogen technologies, but also position themselves as potential exporters of hydrogen (or its derivatives), or signal their intention to import hydrogen (or its derivatives). This growing interest in hydrogen is often the consequence of countries' decision to achieve carbon neutrality, notably following the Paris agreements, which requires them to find solutions to decarbonize their entire economies, and in particular certain parts of industry and transport.

By early 2023, over 40 countries had published hydrogen strategies. While these strategies are not equivalent to legislation, they do give an...