5. Industrial and economic challenges

The industrial stakes involved in the energy transition imposed on us by the prevention of climate change are very high, given the diversity and multitude of skills that will need to be brought into play to make it a success. France has all the necessary skills, and this is an opportunity we must seize if we are to become one of the world leaders.

As far as the economic aspects are concerned, a large part of the world's energy system is at stake: it therefore needs to be profoundly modified to achieve, in the long term, the virtual disappearance of fossil CO ₂ emissions. The sums that will need to be invested are obviously considerable: the "national hydrogen plan", adopted in 2018, gives an idea of this, since it envisages an investment of around 20 billion euros a year for the coming decade, to be compared with an...