9. Conclusion

Coal's advantages in terms of energy efficiency and the simplicity of the technology used to produce kilowatts or reduce metals have been recognized for centuries. But it has now reached the confluence of its own advantages and notorious disadvantages. Believed to be responsible for a significant proportion of harmful particulate matter and CO ₂ emissions, the coal sector must imperatively implement a "clean coal" sector or risk disappearing in the short term. Retrograde policies in the primary sense (going back on the commitments of the Paris Agreement) will not fundamentally change the global situation, so great are the advances and hopes born of the energy transition.

In the short to medium term, global energy demand would retain a predominant role for coal. The world's coal resources that could be consumed, however,...