1. Nature of pollutants, sources and impacts

Fumes are, by definition, gaseous discharges from combustion (heating, transport, incineration...) emitted into the atmosphere. They consist mainly of nitrogen (N ₂ ), oxygen (O ₂ ), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and water vapor (H ₂ O) _g . However, in fumes and gaseous emissions, we encounter dust as well as compounds in lower concentrations, or even in trace amounts: sulfur and nitrogen oxides, metals, dioxins and furans, volatile organic compounds (VOCs)....