3. Three financial instruments to support NDCs

When developing their NDCs, countries establish the policy and regulatory framework, as well as the role assigned to financial regulatory systems (ETS or taxes).

In the private sector, carbon crediting mechanisms are constantly evolving to align with NDC targets. International rules—particularly through the adoption of rigorous standards such as the Core Carbon Principles (CCPs)—are becoming essential for the international recognition of voluntary credits.

The success of carbon credit...