5. Conclusion

This article takes stock of the morphological characterization of insulators used at room temperature, reviewing their main properties and proposing possible classifications.

In addition to the best-known materials currently used in the insulation systems presented in this article, new generations of insulation materials have emerged, such as aerogels (99.8% air), which combine lightness and strength, while being fully recyclable.

The use of natural, environmentally-friendly insulating materials is also on the increase, such as straw, hemp or simply recycled and reconditioned used fabrics, which provide excellent thermal and acoustic insulation with virtually zero environmental impact.