1. Operating principle
1.1 Definition of indirect atmospheric refrigeration
In indirect atmospheric refrigeration, the system is cooled by circulating a water flywheel in a closed circuit. Heat exchange between the hot source and the water takes place via a heat exchanger, which in the case of high-power plants is a condenser. The water is then cooled by an atmospheric cooler, also known as a cooling tower.
In this so-called indirect application, there is no contact between the hot primary fluid and the cooling water. There may, however, be contact between the cooling water and the air. This is known as wet indirect atmospheric cooling.
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Operating principle
State of the art
Bibliography
- (1) - CAUDRON (L.) - Les réfrigérants atmosphériques industriels. - Collection de la Direction des Études et Recherches d'Électricité de France, Eyrolles (1991).
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Standards and norms
- Tours de refroidissement. Essais de réception (Classe A) - AFNOR NF X 10-251 - 12-74
- Tours de refroidissement à tirage mécanique. Essais sur le site (Classe B) - AFNOR NF X 10-252 - 12-80
- Specification for water cooling tower - BSI 4485 - 1969
- Leistungsversuche an Kühlturmen - EV DIN 6.59 - 1947
Regulations
Law no. 64.1245 (December 1964): authorization for water abstraction and discharge.
Decree no. 73.218 (February 1973): commodo and in commodo survey/law no. 64-1245.
Orders implementing decree 73.218 (May 13, 1975).
Circular no. 75.114 (July 2, 1975): authorization review procedure in the event of accidental water pollution.
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