4. Refrigeration in effluent treatment processes

4.1 Processes concerned

Many industrial processes generate gaseous or liquid waste. These discharges can have harmful effects on the environment, and most of them are subject to international, European and national regulations designed to limit their emission and promote recovery or destruction techniques.

Refrigeration techniques – as we have shown for some applications in the previous paragraphs – contribute to various separation processes:

• vapor condensation separates compounds of different volatilities;

• adsorption on solid media is facilitated by low temperature levels;

• crystallization or freezing (with aqueous solutions in particular) separates...