4. Conclusion

The use of cold and low temperatures, as we have shown, applies to a very large number of transformation and preservation processes in industrial fields; the physical, biochemical, thermodynamic and mechanical mechanisms at play in these processes call for complex and precise analyses to obtain quality products that meet market requirements.

In addition to product quality and financial and regulatory constraints, particular attention needs to be paid to the definition and implementation of these processes: in fact, it is becoming important to carry out a precise assessment and – as far as possible – a significant reduction in the energy costs of these processes, by favouring the most economical and integrating the most appropriate technologies.

Growing interest in the "grey energy" (the hidden energy required to produce an industrial good...