5. Conclusion

Production is one of the major obstacles facing the hydrogen industry. In order to ensure the long-term viability of the industry, it is important to produce green hydrogen in large quantities. While this may seem simple in theory, it is quite another matter in reality. For economic and profitability reasons, most hydrogen is produced by steam reforming fossil fuels. One of the major problems with this technology is that it is highly polluting and, in terms of mass, produces more carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) than it does hydrogen. The hydrogen produced is then defined as gray or even blue if it is decarbonized. It should be noted that the philosophy of the hydrogen sector is to produce hydrogen from water, not from hydrocarbons, in order to eliminate carbon dioxide emissions or storage. It is therefore essential to produce hydrogen at a cost that is...