3. Distribution channels

Once produced, we need to find ways of getting the hydrogen to where it's needed. There are two families of applications:

1. Large-scale industrial applications such as ammonia production, chemicals or refining, where hydrogen is produced on site or nearby (in the case of an industrial zone with several hydrogen consumers). In this case, hydrogen is distributed via pipelines. Since such infrastructure already exists in large industrial areas, the cost of distribution is low, with little scope for reducing it;

2. Applications for decentralized users, such as in the transport sector, where last-mile distribution is necessary. This stage is far from neutral, both ecologically and economically, since it often accounts for more than 50% of the total cost of hydrogen. Nevertheless, various studies show that there is scope...