5. Conclusion

Technical solutions exist as an alternative to "all collective" systems. They can be a sustainable and reliable solution for areas where, for economic or technical reasons, it is inappropriate to install a wastewater collection pipe.

With regular monitoring by the local authority, this solution is perfectly sustainable.

Local authorities who wish to do so can maintain these systems themselves. This solution is rarely implemented, even though it offers even greater guarantees for the environment and for users in terms of the proper functioning of their facilities.

In addition to "traditional" non-collective sanitation techniques that use natural or reconstituted soil to purify water, in 2009 France opened up to purification systems that operate on principles similar to those used in free-culture or fixed-culture wastewater...