1. Background and objectives

1.1 The AEC industry

• Challenges of demographic and societal changes

  The challenges in the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry are increasing in parallel with the requirements of a growing population. As of 2022, the global population reached 8 billion, with 4.5 billion residing in cities. By the year 2050, the planet's population is projected to reach nearly 10 billion, with two thirds of the population living in urban areas. With such a significant population increase, there will be a high demand for communication, transportation, housing, bridges, roads, and access to essential resources like water and power.

  The responsibility for constructing commercial, residential, social,...