1. Physical properties

1.1 Density

Density, also known as mass density, is defined as the ratio of the mass of a body to its volume (SI unit: kg · m ^–3 ; common unit: kg · dm ^–3 or g · cm ^–3 ) at 0°C and a pressure of 760 mm of mercury. Figure 1 shows the variation in water density between 0 and 100°C. Density should not be confused with density; a distinction is made between the density of solids and liquids and that of gases. The former is the ratio of the weight of a body to the weight of its volume of water, the latter is the ratio of the weight of a gas...