10. Conclusion
After a few first steps in the United States, the first escalator was presented by Otis at the 1900 Paris World's Fair under the name "Escalator".
The strong growth in escalator installations coincided with the development of public transport in major conurbations in the early 1970s and 1980s.
The development of shopping malls, with their underground parking lots and/or multi-storey buildings, has also boosted the number of escalators.
Today, most of them have been replaced by much more modern units, which consume less energy thanks to high-efficiency direct drive and control by a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) system using a two-way converter for energy restitution.
Escalator and moving walkway technology has not evolved as steadily or as extensively as elevator technology, because this...
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Conclusion
Bibliography
Also in our database
Standards and norms
- Règles de sécurité pour la construction et l'installation des escaliers mécaniques et trottoirs roulants - EN 115 - juillet 1995
- "Escalator and moving walkway safety – Part 1: Construction and installation and its two amendments - EN 115-1 - octobre 2008 (ancienne version au 1 juillet 1995)
- Amendement 1 à la norme NF EN 115 de juillet 1995 - EN 115/A1 - août 1998
- Amendement 2 - EN 115/A2 - décembre...
International norms and standards
Standards are not compulsory, but they do contain essential tools, in particular harmonized standards for defining the standards applicable to meeting the essential requirements defined by directives.
- Safety requirements for escalators and moving walks – Part 1: Essential safety requirements - ISO/TS 25740-1:2011 - Août 2011
- Machine safety – Electrical equipment for machines...
Regulations
1) European regulations
Escalators and moving walks fall within the scope of the Machinery Directive:
Directive 2006/42/EC of May 20, 2006, made mandatory by Decree no. 2008-1156 of November 7, 2008 on work equipment and personal protective equipment.
Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC of December 12, 2006,
EMC Directive 2004/108/EC,...
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