10.  Conclusion

After a few first steps in the United States, the first escalator was presented by Otis at the 1900 Paris World's Fair under the name "Escalator".

The strong growth in escalator installations coincided with the development of public transport in major conurbations in the early 1970s and 1980s.

The development of shopping malls, with their underground parking lots and/or multi-storey buildings, has also boosted the number of escalators.

Today, most of them have been replaced by much more modern units, which consume less energy thanks to high-efficiency direct drive and control by a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) system using a two-way converter for energy restitution.

Escalator and moving walkway technology has not evolved as steadily or as extensively as elevator technology, because this...