1. Context

The ever-increasing density of transistors in microprocessors makes them increasingly power-hungry. This high power consumption leads to heat dissipation, which in turn can lead to component destruction. To avoid such unfortunate incidents, major heat dissipation measures are required. But the problem remains that, in the long term, the very production of energy to operate nanocomponents is likely to be prohibitive. It has therefore been proposed to generate energy on a nanometric scale by means of piezoelectric, thermoelectric or photovoltaic effects. However, these phenomena are not in themselves capable of generating alternating signals. And yet, if we are to believe the bible of electronics, namely...