1. Complex impedance

To characterize dielectric relaxation phenomena, an electrical investigation technique has become the norm: dielectric spectroscopy, also known by other names such as impedance spectroscopy, electrical impedance spectroscopy, electrical relaxation spectroscopy, etc. These names are often linked to the scientific community using this tool. In the world of polymers, "dielectric spectroscopy" is the commonly accepted name.

More generally, in physics, dielectric spectroscopy refers to all techniques for measuring the dielectric properties of a medium as a function of frequency. Dielectric spectroscopy is an ideal tool for analyzing short- and long-range molecular dynamics and charge transport in polymers. In its modern form, the technique covers a wide frequency range, between 10 ^–6 and 10 ^14...