4. Conclusion

Low-frequency dielectric spectroscopy is a powerful and versatile experimental tool for conducting electrical, dielectric and structural studies on polymers in several dimensions, from atomic to spherulite scale. It can be used to study the molecular dynamics of polar groups, polymer chain dynamics, AC and DC conductivity, phase transitions, and interface effects in ultrathin films or nano- and microcomposite materials. It is considered a universal means of analyzing the electrical and dielectric properties of a polymer in the presence of water or any type of electrical, thermal, mechanical or thermomechanical stress. It can be used to diagnose the state of aging of a polymer. It can also reveal structural defects and material heterogeneity.