6. Lithium-carbon fluoride batteries

6.1 General

The lithium-carbon fluoride battery [Li/(CF _x ) _n ] was also one of the first solid-cathode lithium batteries to be used commercially [8] , and was studied and developed in Japan by Matsushita. Batteries with capacities of up to a few dozen ampere-hours have been produced, but are now only manufactured in small modules of a few ampere-hours at most.

The operating element voltage is around 2.5 to 2.8 V for low discharge currents (less than a milliampere), while it can drop below 2.5 V for medium currents (from around a hundred milliamps on an R14 spiral-electrode element). The appeal of this system...