4. Lithium manganese dioxide batteries

4.1 General

The lithium manganese dioxide battery (Li/MnO ₂ ) was one of the first solid-cathode lithium batteries to be used commercially [8] , as early as 1976, due to its interesting characteristics in terms of performance, but also cost. Manganese oxide leads to a battery with an open-circuit voltage of around 3 V, and this high voltage immediately gives it a high energy-to-weight ratio, at least double that of alkaline batteries.

Very roughly speaking, at equivalent cell size and voltage (two cells in series for conventional saline and alkaline systems), while alkaline cells have discharge times around twice those obtained with saline cells, Li/MnO...