6. Conclusion

This article presents magnetic refrigeration from materials to systems. The proposed thermodynamic description links the principles of magnetic regeneration to its implementation. After two decades, magnetic refrigeration has made significant advances, resulting in materials available on an industrial scale and mature refrigeration systems. From our point of view, and despite significant progress, 1st-order materials remain difficult to exploit to the full, and the temperature differentials achieved are still low for many applications. Today's fields of application will remain niche applications where the use of gas would be prohibitive, and where system mass will not be a criterion of prime importance.

Today, AMR systems form the basis of magnetic refrigeration systems, but it would appear that we are now reaching the limits of these systems. From a research point...