4. Conclusion

Spatial modeling of the PEM fuel cell is essential to improve its performance. 0D and 1D models are suitable for control, while 2D and 3D models are used for design. Mixed models, such as 1D+1D, offer further compromises between speed and accuracy. In addition, it is necessary to choose whether to include or ignore time variations, auxiliaries, the liquid state of water, heat flows, load transfers and cell stacking in the models. Consideration of the numerical resolution methods to be used is also important, bearing in mind that the use of an implicit method is necessary for time discretization.

Experimental validation involves a phase of calibration of indeterminate parameters, followed by a phase of verification of the results. To achieve this, it is essential to use a wide range of experimental data, such as polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,...