1. Brief description of electrical networks

Electricity is transported from generation plants to consumption centers via power grids. As electrical energy is difficult to store, it is essential to ensure a constant balance between production and consumption.

The power grid must also guarantee that every user receives a quality product tailored to his or her needs.

The "electricity" product is characterized by :

• available power consistent with the user's needs ;

• a voltage compatible with the user's electrical installation;

• quality of supply (quality of the voltage wave and continuity of supply) adapted to the user's needs, but dependent, on the one hand, on the connection voltage level and, on the other hand, on the load density of the area or, more generally, on the...