2. Technical roles and economic models for energy storage in the power system

2.1 The growing challenge of electrical storage

The storage of electrical energy has become a growing challenge as part of the evolution of the power grid. As electricity is a distributed resource in constant flow, where supply and demand must be balanced in real time, energy storage enables surplus electricity to be stored and released during periods of insufficient production. This function is essential to stabilize the grid in the face of changing needs and the increasing integration of renewable energies (RE).

The importance of storage is amplified by two main factors: the evolution of the energy mix, with greater integration of renewable energies, and the transformation of electricity uses:

• the energy mix...