7. Integrating protection into the control system

7.1 General

Electrical power distribution, like any other process, requires planning, organization, coordination, command and control. To do this, you need measurement and recording, monitoring and protection, command and control, and last but not least, communication.

For a long time, the operating methods implemented, which evolved with the technologies available, remained purely local and almost independent: direct manual control, on-site measurement. Communication and action were purely human.

Gradually, more complex systems appeared, first electromechanical, then electronic, for remote control by wire, automation, regulation and protection. The most complex systems based their actions on information and orders, at first entirely...